Interpretation of GB 2760-2011 "Food Additive Use Standards

Abstract: The Ministry of Health announced 4 national food safety standards in the Ministry of Health Announcement No. 12 in 2011, one of which is "GB 2760-2011 Food Safety National Standard Food Additives Use Standard", which was issued in June 2011 It will be officially implemented on the 20th. The preface of the standard clearly points out that some food classification systems of the 2007 edition of "GB 2760-2007 Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives" have been adjusted. For a more specific understanding, this article interprets the main content of the standard. 1 Introduction to GB 2760-2011 Standard 1.1 Food Additives Ordering Basis GB 2760-2011 "National Food Safety Standards Standards for the Use of Food Additives" was revised in accordance with Chapter 3, Article 20 of the "Food Safety Law". Standards, only the food additives listed in the standards that meet the standards can be used in food, but it is a dynamic standard. The deadline for the new standard is March 16, 2010), only in this way is a complete standard. 1.2 Situation of Food Additive Use Standards In 1954, the "Regulations on the Dosage of Saccharin Used in Foods" was promulgated. In 1977, the National Bureau of Standards and Metrology formulated GBn 50-77 "Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives (Trial)" for the first time. In 1980, the "China Food Additives Standardization Technical Committee" was established on the basis of the original cooperative group. In 1981, GB 2760-81 "Hygienic Standards for the Use of Food Additives" was issued by the State Administration of Standards and the Ministry of Health. Later, it was revised in 1986, 1996, 2007, and 2011. The current effective version is: GB 2760-2011 "National Food Safety Standards for the Use of Food Additives". 1.3 Using the Positive List System This system is a new system formulated by Japan to strengthen the management of residues of agricultural chemicals (including pesticides, use and feed additives) in food (including edible agricultural products). The system requires that the content of agricultural chemicals in food shall not exceed the maximum residue Limit standards; for agricultural chemicals without established maximum residue limit standards, their content in food shall not exceed the "uniform standard", that is, 0.01 mg/kg. 1.4 Bring in the principle Under the following circumstances, food additives can be brought into food through food ingredients (including food additives): (1) According to the GB2760-2011 standard, the food additive is allowed to be used in food ingredients; (2) the amount of this additive in food ingredients is not It should exceed the maximum allowable usage; (3) These ingredients should be used under normal production process conditions, and the content of the additive in the food should not exceed the level brought by the ingredients; (4) The additive brought into the food by the ingredients The content should be significantly lower than the level normally required to add it directly to the food. 1.5 Compared with GB 2760-2007, the main changes of this standard are as follows (1) The name of the standard has been modified; (2) The food additive regulations in No. 4 Announcement of the Ministry of Health from 2007 to 2010 (March 16, 2010) have been added ; (3) Adjusted the regulations on the use of some food additives; (4) Deleted the additives and usage amounts allowed in food in Table A.2. 2 GB 2760-2011 standard structure 2.1 Appendix A Regulations on the Use of Food Additives 2.1.1 Table A.1 stipulates "Food Additives Allowed Types, Application Scope and Maximum Usage Amount or Residual Amount" (1) Arranged in the order of the first letter of the Chinese pinyin of the Chinese name of the food additive; (2) The table specifies three parts: ① specifies the types of food additives that are allowed to be used in my country, ② the scope of each food additive that is allowed to be used, ③The maximum use amount or residual amount allowed for each food additive in its specified scope of use; (3) The range used in Table A.1 is indicated by the food classification number and food name; (4) Functional regulations: inherited from GB The functions stipulated in the 2760-2011 edition refer to CAC to supplement the regulations on the functional categories of additives; (5) Food additives with the same function listed in Table A. Regulation. ① Have the same function and common scope of use. Food additives that do not have the same function, or have the same function but do not have the same scope of use are not subject to this article; ② colorants are required to have the same color. For example: both are red or blue, if one additive is red and the other is blue, even if they have the same scope of use, they are not bound by this article; ③The actual usage of each accounts for The sum of the maximum ratios used should not exceed 1; ④Basic formula: a/a'+b/b'+...≤1 In the formula: a and b are the actual usage, a' and b' are the maximum allowable Usage amount. 2.1.2 Table A.2 specifies the "List of Food Additives that can be used in appropriate amounts in various foods according to production needs" (1) The names of the food additives are sorted in the order of Chinese pinyin; (2) The maximum usage amount of the food additives in the table in the specified scope of use is based on production needs, a total of 77 kinds. (3) The scope of use of food additives in this table is the food category other than the list of excluded (or restricted) foods in Table A.3. (4) The types of food additives in this table come from the content of the original GB 2760-2007, and some content is added with reference to CAC. 2.1.3 Table A.3 stipulates the list of food categories (total 39 kinds) except the abbreviation of the "List of food categories excepted for additives used in moderation according to production needs" (1) Table A.3 is actually a copy of Table A.2 A restricted use regulation, the list of excluded food categories in Table A.3 in principle cannot use the food additives specified in Table A.2; (2) Table A.3 specifies the list of food categories excluded in Table A.2, these foods If the category needs to use additives, it shall comply with the provisions in Table A.1. At the same time, these food categories shall not use the food additives allowed in the upper food category specified in Table A.1. 2.2 Appendix B Regulations on the Use of Food Spices (1) The purpose of food spices and essences is to produce, change or enhance the flavor of food. (2) Spices for food are generally formulated into flavors for food and used for food flavoring, and some of them can also be directly used for food flavoring. (3) Spices and essences for food do not include substances that only produce sweet, sour or salty taste, and do not include flavor enhancers. (4) Food spices with other food additive functions shall comply with the provisions of this standard when they play other food additive functions in food. 2.3 Appendix C Regulations on the Use of Processing Aids in the Food Industry (1) Processing aids should be used in the process of food production and processing, and the use should be necessary for the process. On the premise of achieving the intended purpose, the amount of use should be reduced as much as possible. (2) Processing aids should generally be removed before making the final product. If they cannot be completely removed, their residual amount should be reduced as much as possible. The residual amount should not cause health hazards and should not play a functional role in the final food. (3) Processing aids should meet the corresponding quality specification requirements. (4) Adopt the positive list system. 2.4 Appendix E Functional Categories of Food Additives (1) Functions are divided into 23 categories; (2) Each additive has one function, and some have multiple functions; (3) The Chinese coding system of additives is compiled according to functional categories. The main function or the function at the time of the original application is coded. 2.5 Appendix F Food Classification System (1) The food classification numbering sequence is basically consistent with the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) "General Standards for Food Additives", which are divided into 16 categories (see Appendix Table F.1 for details); (2) Food classification adopts a grading system, Each major category is divided into several subcategories, subcategories are divided into subcategories, and subcategories are subdivided into subcategories. Some subcategories can be subdivided into subcategories, and the levels are separated by "."; (3 ) Each food category stipulates the corresponding food additives allowed to be used and the maximum usage amount. 3 The query method of GB 2760-2011 3.1 Knowing the name of a food additive, inquire about its scope of use and maximum amount of use Method: It is recommended to look up Table A.1 first, then look up Table A.2, and refer to Table A.3. Process: Check the table A.1 Check the table A.2 Refer to A.3 Check the announcement of the Ministry of Health. Result: Generally, four situations may occur: (1) Only in Table A.1; not in Table A.2; (2) Not in Table A.1; only in Table A.2; (3) Both in Table A.1; and in Table A.2; (4) Neither in Table A.1; nor in Table A.2. Case 1: If the inquired food additive is only on Table A.1 and not on Table A.2, its scope of use is the food name, food classification number and maximum usage amount specified on Table A.1. Example: Query the usage range and maximum dosage of sodium hexametaphosphate. Step 1: (P47) appears on Table A.1, and its scope of use is the food name, food classification number and maximum usage amount that can be used in the place of sodium hexametaphosphate; Step 2: Check table A.2 does not appear; (not applicable); Step 3: Check the announcements after the Ministry of Health No. 4 in 2010 (because the deadline for the new standard is March 16, 2010); Example: Query the scope and maximum usage of sorbic acid and its potassium salt. Step 1: Appeared on the look-up table A.1 (P67), its scope of use is the following food names, food classification numbers and maximum usage quantities that can be used in the place of sorbic acid and its potassium salt; Step 2: Check table A.2 does not appear (not applicable); Step 3: Check the Ministry of Health announcements since March 16, 2010. Its Ministry of Health Announcement No. 16 in 2010: the scope of use of sorbic acid and its potassium salt: food classification number 04.02. kg). The second case: if the food additive inquired is not on Table A.1, but only on Table A.2, its scope of use is all kinds of food other than the list of excepted food categories on Table A.3, and its maximum usage amount is Use in moderation according to production needs (there is no limit). Example: Query the usage range and maximum amount of modified soybean lecithin. The first step; check table A.1 does not appear; (not applicable); Step 2: (P180) appears on Table A.2, the serial number is 15, and its scope of use is all kinds of food other than the food categories excepted in Table A.3, and its maximum usage amount is added in an appropriate amount according to production needs ( There is no limit). Step 3: Check the announcements of the Ministry of Health since March 2010 (the following are similar, omitted); The third case: if the inquired food additive is listed in both Table A.1 and Table A.2, its scope of use and maximum amount of use shall consist of at least two parts. Example: Query the usage range and maximum amount of xanthan gum. Step 1: It appears on the look-up table A.1 (P30), and its scope of use is the name of the food that can be used, the food classification number and the maximum usage amount below the xanthan gum. Step 2: It appears on Table A.2 (P100), and the serial number is 25. Its scope of use is all kinds of food other than the exception food category list in Table A.3. The maximum usage amount can be added in an appropriate amount according to production needs (no limit regulations). Step 3: Check the announcements after No. 4 of the Ministry of Health in 2010 (the following are similar, omitted). Exercise: Query the usage range and maximum dosage of sodium alginate (Table A.1 P24, Table A.2 P100, No. 22). Case 4: If the inquired food additive is neither in Table A.1 nor in Table A.3, it can be directly determined that it is not a food additive currently allowed in my country. 3.2 Knowing a food category, how to use food additives correctly Generally, four situations may occur: (1) Only in Table A.1, not in Table A.3; (2) Not in Table A.1, only in Table A.3; (3) Both in Table A.1 and in Table A.3; (4) Neither in Table A.1 nor in Table A.3. The first situation: It is known that a certain category of food is only on Table A.1, not on Table A.3, and its allowable use of additives and the maximum amount of use are composed of three parts. Example: the food classification number is 06.07; food name: instant rice noodle products. (1) Only on Table A.1 of P7, additives for instant rice and noodle products can be used as required; (2) Additives for instant noodles and rice products in Table A.1 and above grade 06.0 grains and grain products can also be used as required; (3) For foods that are not listed in Table A.3 and do not belong to the excepted food categories, the additives in Table A.2 can be used in moderation according to production needs (no limit regulation). (4) Check the announcements of the Ministry of Health after March 16, 2010 (the following are similar, omitted). The second situation: It is known that a certain type of food is not in Table A.1, but only in Table A.3. It is a list of food categories that are exceptions, and no food additives are allowed to be used in this type of food. Example: food classification number 08.01; food name raw, fresh meat. (1) Not on Table A.1 (not applicable); (2) Only on Table A.3 (P103), it belongs to the excepted food category, so the food additives on Table A.2 are not allowed to be used, unless new regulations are added in the announcement of the Ministry of Health. The third situation: It is known that a certain category of food is on Table A.1, and the food additives allowed to be used are the food additives and the maximum usage amount of this category of food in Table A.1. Also on Table A.3, it is an exceptional food category, so none of the food additives in Table A.2 can be used. In accordance with Appendix A "Regulations on the Use of Food Additives", food additives in the upper-level food category in Table A.1 are not allowed to be used.